Txhua lub lim tiam kuv tham nrog cov neeg yuav khoom uas tau sib piv cov nqe lus los ntawm peb lossis plaub tus neeg muag khoom Suav thiab sim ua kom paub seb qhov twg yog qhov pheej yig dua. Tus nqi tsev ntawm daim ntawv tsocai yog yuav luag tsis muaj tus lej uas tseem ceeb. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog tus nqi tsaws rau ib qho screen ntawm koj lub qhov rooj - thiab tus lej ntawd muaj ntau yam khoom uas feem ntau cov neeg muag khoom tsis tau hais lossis ua haujlwm tsis meej.
Phau ntawv qhia no rhuav tshem txhua tus nqi tiag tiag hauv cov saw hlau ntawm peb lub Hoobkas hauv pem teb hauv Shenzhen thiab lub khw kho lossis lub tsev khaws khoom hauv UK, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Australia, lossis Asmeskas. Kuv yuav siviPhone 11 Incell cov ntxaij vab tshausntawm 200-unit xaj ntim raws li qhov piv txwv ua haujlwm thoob plaws, tab sis cov qauv siv rau txhua tus qauv thiab txhua qib ntim.
Vim li cas tus nqi nqe lus tsuas yog qhov pib?
Cia peb hais tias koj tau txais peb nqe lus rau iPhone 11 Incell cov ntxaij vab tshaus:
- Tus neeg muab khoom A: $ 16.50 toj ib chav, EXW Shenzhen
- Tus neeg yuav khoom B: $ 18.00 ib chav, FOB Shenzhen
- Tus neeg muag khoom C: $ 22.00 ib chav tsev, DDP koj lub tsev khaws khoom
Cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau saib qhov no thiab xav tias Tus Neeg Siv Khoom A yog pheej yig tshaj. Feem ntau lawv yuam kev. Nov yog vim li cas.
EXW (Ex Works) - txhais li cas?
EXW txhais tau hais tias tus nqi npog cov ntxaij vab tshaus zaum hauv lub chaw muag khoom, npaj rau kev sau. Txhua yam yog koj tus nqi thiab koj lub luag haujlwm: kev thauj khoom hauv tsev mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj lossis lub tshav dav hlau, kev tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai, tus nqi xa khoom xa tuaj, kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, lub luag haujlwm ntshuam, VAT ntawm ntshuam, thiab xa khoom kawg rau koj qhov chaw nyob.
Rau 200-unit xaj ntawm iPhone 11 cov ntxaij vab tshaus, ntawm no yog dab tsi cov nqi ntxiv feem ntau zoo li rau tus neeg yuav khoom hauv UK:
- Tuam Tshoj hauv Suav teb thauj mus rau tshav dav hlau Shenzhen lossis chaw nres nkoj:kwv yees li $40-60 rau ib lub thawv me me ntawm tus xa khoom xa tuaj. Qee tus neeg xa khoom suav nrog qhov no hauv kev xyaum txawm tias thaum hais EXW; lwm tus tiag tiag tsis - lees paub sau ntawv.
- Export kev lis kev cai clearance thiab cov ntaub ntawv:$ 35-60 rau kev xa khoom. Qhov no suav nrog kev xa tawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv pov thawj cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm. Koj tus freight forwarder lis qhov no tab sis tsub nqi rau nws.
- International air freight (Shenzhen rau UK, kwv yees li 3-5kg rau 200 cov ntxaij vab tshaus):$180–320 nyob ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom, txoj kev, thiab cov nqi roj ntxiv tam sim no. Cov nqi thauj khoom huab cua tau hloov pauv txij li xyoo 2022 thiab tsis yog qhov lawv tau ua ntej- kis thoob qhov txhia chaw. Tau txais ib daim ntawv tso cai nyob ntawm koj tus neeg xa khoom, tsis yog ballpark los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom.
- UK import lub luag haujlwm ntawmxov tooj ntawm tes:tam sim no 0% raws li HS code 8517.70 rau feem ntau LCD Cheebtsam los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Txawm li cas los xij, lees paub qhov no nrog koj tus neeg lis kev lis kev cai ua ntej xav tias - kev faib tawm tsis raug yog ib txwm muaj thiab kev lav phib xaub zaum nrog tus neeg xa khoom, tsis yog tus xa khoom.
- UK import VAT (20%):Qhov no siv rau tus nqi kev lis kev cai, uas yog tus nqi CIF (tus nqi + kev tuav pov hwm + freight). Ntawm $3,300 xa khoom nrog $250 freight, uas yog VAT ntawm kwv yees $3,550 - kwv yees li $710. Koj rov qab qhov no ntawm koj qhov VAT rov qab yog tias koj tau VAT- sau npe, tab sis nws yog tus nqi nyiaj ntsuab nyob rau lub sijhawm no.
Kev xa khoom kawg kawg:Yog tias cov khoom xa tuaj txog ntawm UK lub tsev khaws khoom lossis chaw nres nkoj, ntxiv $ 20-40 rau kev xa khoom zaum kawg.
Tag nrho cov nqi ntxiv rau saum EXW rau 200 units rau UK:kwv yees li $ 985–1,210, uas ua haujlwm tawm mus rau kwv yees li $ 4.90–6.05 ib qho screen nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm EXW chav tsev nqi.
Yog li tus neeg muag khoom A tus $ 16.50 EXW ua kwv yees li $ 21.40–22.55 tsaws. Tus neeg muab khoom C's $22.00 DDP tam sim ntawd sib tw - thiab los nrog tsis muaj kev mob taub hau.
FOB (Free On Board) - lub sij hawm ua lag luam tshaj plaws rau pawg no
FOB txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom them tus nqi xa khoom mus rau lub nkoj lossis lub dav hlau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj lub npe ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj - hauv kev xyaum, qhov no feem ntau txhais tau hais tias lawv them cov nqi thauj khoom hauv Suav teb thiab xa tawm kev tshem tawm. Koj them rau thoob ntiaj teb freight onwards.
Rau feem ntau cov neeg yuav khoom rov qab uas muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xa khoom xa tuaj, FOB yog qhov chaw qab zib. Koj tswj lub freight ceg - uas txhais tau hais tias koj tswj tus neeg nqa khoom xaiv, lub sij hawm thauj mus los, thiab kev tuav pov hwm - thaum tus neeg muag khoom tuav lub Tuam Tshoj - sab txheej txheem export.
Yuav ua li cas kom paub meej thaum tus neeg muag khoom quotes FOB:
- Puas yog FOB tshav dav hlau (air) lossis FOB seaport? Cov no yog cov nqi sib txawv thiab sijhawm sijhawm.
- Nws puas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm kev lis kev cai, lossis tsuas yog kev thauj khoom hauv tsev?
- Dab tsi yog qhov kev txiav tawm rau kev txiav txim tso rau ntaus ib lub lim tiam tshwj xeeb kev sib sau ua ke?
Rau 200-unit order, qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua freight (5-7 hnub kev thauj mus los, $200–320) thiab hiav txwv freight (25-35 hnub, $60–90 rau ib tug me me LCL consolidation) yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub ncua sij hawm tab sis kuj me me ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib tug -unit nqi - roughly $10.03. Feem ntau cov khoom kho cov neeg yuav khoom nkoj los ntawm huab cua vim tias cov peev txheej ua haujlwm tau khi rau hauv 30 hnub ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom thauj tus nqi ntau dua li kev txuag nyiaj.
DDP (Delivered Duty Them) - yooj yim ntawm tus nqi, tab sis qee zaum yog qhov kev xaiv
DDP txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom ua haujlwm txhua yam: kev xa tawm, kev thauj khoom thoob ntiaj teb, kev xa khoom xa tuaj, thiab xa mus rau koj qhov chaw nyob. Tus nqi yog tag nrho -in. Koj tau txais ib lub thawv.
Tus nqi them yooj yim yog tiag tiag tab sis quantifiable. Cov neeg muag khoom feem ntau muab DDP yog siv cov neeg xa khoom sib sau ua ke - DHL, FedEx, lossis UPS - thiab tau sib tham txog ntim cov nqi uas zoo dua li tus neeg yuav khoom me me yuav them nws tus kheej. Rau kev txiav txim qis dua 100 units, DDP tus nqi feem ntau muaj kev sib tw tiag tiag ntawm tus nqi tsaws -.
Qhov pheej hmoo nrog DDP yog kev ntsuas kev lis kev cai. Qee cov neeg siv khoom siv DDP yuav txo qis cov khoom xa tuaj rau ntawm daim ntawv xa nyiaj ua lag luam kom txo koj cov VAT raug xa tawm. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si txhaum cai thiab koj lub luag haujlwm raws li tus neeg xa khoom - tsis yog tus xa khoom ntawm - txawm tias koj tsis tau thov nws. Yog tias koj yog VAT- kev lag luam sau npe, kev ntsuas qis ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau dua li nws daws tau: cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum, VAT rov qab cov teeb meem, thiab HMRC chij muaj peev xwm. Nug ib tus neeg xa khoom DDP kom meej meej: "Koj puas tshaj tawm cov nqi them tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai?" Ib tus neeg muag khoom muaj npe nrov yuav paub meej tias yog yam tsis muaj hesitation.
Tus nqi zais uas tsis muaj cov nqe lus lag luam npog: rov qab
Ib tus nqi uas tshwm sim ntawm tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai thiab tsis muaj kev sib tham Incoterms yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom puas yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau Tuam Tshoj.
Rau 200-unit order with a 3% defect rate - which is realistic for standard aftermarket TFT - koj tab tom soj ntsuam nrog rau 6 cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Cov kev xaiv yog:
- Rov qab mus rau tus neeg muag khoom rau kev hloov pauv:Tus nqi rau koj suav nrog kev xa rov qab thoob ntiaj teb (feem ntau yog $ 15-25 rau ib pob me me), ntim khoom, thiab lub sijhawm lag luam ua ntej kev hloov pauv tuaj txog. Raws li ib qho -unit base uas yog $2.50–4.20 hauv tus nqi thauj khoom ib leeg ua ntej koj suav rau cov sijhawm ua haujlwm.
- Credit rau kev txiav txim tom ntej:Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim feem ntau yuav muab credit ntau dua li lub cev rov qab rau qhov me me. Qhov no yuav luag txhua tus nqi ntau dua -kev daws teeb meem zoo - yog tias nws tau muab.
- Absorb hauv zos:Yog tias tus nqi tsis raug qis thiab tus nqi ntawm ib -unit nqi ntawm kev xa rov qab ntau tshaj tus nqi ntawm chav tsev, absorbing lub chav tsev tsis zoo thiab thov credit yog tus qauv coj ua. Tsim qhov no rau hauv koj qhov kev sib tham tus nqi pib es tsis kho nws raws li kev zam.
Qhov cuam tshuam zoo: tus neeg muag khoom nrog 1.5% tus nqi tsis zoo thiab $ 1.50 tus nqi siab dua yuav luag ib txwm pheej yig dua ntawm tag nrho - tus nqi hauv paus tshaj tus neeg xa khoom nrog tus nqi tsis zoo 4% thiab tus nqi qis dua. Khiav cov lej rau koj tus kheej ntim ua ntej defaulting mus rau qhov qis tshaj nqe lus.
Tus nqi tsaws tiag tiag zoo li - ua haujlwm piv txwv
Kev txiav txim:200 units iPhone 11 Incell, UK buyer, huab cua freight
| Nqi khoom | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Chav tsev nqi (FOB, Tus neeg muab khoom B) | $18.00 × 200 = $3,600 |
| International air freight | $240 |
| UK ntshuam lub luag haujlwm (0% ntawm HS 8517.70) | $0 |
| UK ntshuam VAT (20%, reclaimed) | ~ $768 nyiaj ntsuab ntws |
| Freight forwarder tuav tus nqi | $55 |
| Kev xa khoom zaum kawg | $30 |
| Tus nqi them tag nrho (ex-VAT rov qab) | $3,925 |
| Ib chav tsev tsaws | $19.63 |
Sib piv qhov no rau Tus Neeg Siv Khoom A ntawm $ 16.50 EXW: ntxiv $ 5.40 hauv cov nqi thauj khoom nruab nrab thiab koj nyob ntawm $ 21.90 toj ib chav tsaws - $ 2.27 ntau dua ib chav tsev tshaj tus nqi B tus nqi FOB, txawm tias pheej yig dua ntawm daim ntawv tsocai.
Cov lus pom zoo
Pib nrog tus nqi FOB thiab koj tus kheej xa khoom xa tuaj thaum koj qhov kev txiav txim ntim ntau tshaj 100 units ib qho khoom xa tuaj. Hauv qab qhov pib, DDP couriers feem ntau yog tus nqi tiag tiag - sib tw thiab yooj yim dua.
Ib txwm tau txais daim ntawv xa khoom thauj los ntawm koj tus neeg xa khoom ua ntej ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim yuav khoom, tsis yog tom qab. Tus nqi thauj khoom txav mus, thiab kaw koj tus kheej mus rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm EXW yam tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai thauj khoom tam sim no yog qhov kev siv nyiaj ntau dhau.
Tsim kom muaj 2-3% nyiaj pub dawb rau hauv koj tus qauv nqi. Nws tsis yog pessimism - nws yog tus nqi accounting.
Yog tias koj tab tom xaj los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom tshiab thawj zaug, EXW lossis FOB muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li DDP nkaus xwb los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lis kev cai kom pom tseeb. Koj tswj cov ntaub ntawv taug kev.
